shadow price 【經濟學】影子價格，尾隨價。
【經濟學】影子價格，尾隨價。 “shadow“ 中文翻譯： n. 1.(陰)影；影像；陰暗；黑暗。 2.影子；形影相 ...“price“ 中文翻譯： n. 1.價格，價錢；市價；代價；費用。 2.報酬；懸賞 ...“shadow factor price“ 中文翻譯： 影子要素價格“in the shadow“ 中文翻譯： 陰影籠罩; 在陰暗處“in the shadow of“ 中文翻譯： 在...附近“shadow“ 中文翻譯： n. 1.(陰)影；影像；陰暗；黑暗。 2.影子；形影相隨的人。 3.跟著客人來的人；不速之客；食客。 4.〔美俚〕偵探。 5.鬼；幽靈；幻影。 6.跡象；苗頭；前兆；預兆。 7.少許；一點點。 8.隱藏處；庇護；保護；隱退(處)。 9.(電波傳播)靜區。 10.郁郁寡歡(的神色)。 11.沒落，微賤。 12.(友誼等的)暫時中斷。 Coming events cast their shadows before. 事未發生；先有苗頭。 May your shadow never grow less! 祝你永遠健康! the shadows of old age 老態。 the shadow of a name 虛名。 the shadow of death 死的前兆。 be afraid of one's own shadow 風聲鶴唳，草木皆兵；膽小，容易受驚。 be the shadow of one's former self＝ be worn to a shadow 瘦成皮包骨頭。 cast shadows 投影；預兆。 catch[grasp] at shadows, run after shadows 捕風捉影；徒勞。 fight with one's own shadow 和自己的影子作戰，進行毫無結果的斗爭。 have only the shadow of (freedom) 獲得有名無實的(自由)。 in the shadow 在陰處；在暗處。 in the shadow of 在…的附近[身邊]；與…很接近。 live in the shadow 隱姓埋名。 quarrel with one's own shadow 容易為小事情而發莫名其妙的脾氣。 under [in] the shadow of 1. 在…的附近[身邊]。 2. 與…很接近。 3. 在…的保護下。 within the shadow of 在…的身邊。 without a shadow of doubt 毫不懷疑地。 vt. 1.把影子投在…上；用自身的影子遮住；遮陰；遮暗；遮住；遮蔽；遮蓋；隱藏；隱匿。 2.保護；庇護。 3.(在畫上)畫陰影；使朦朧；使陰暗。 4.尾隨；跟牢；盯牢；盯梢；(短期培訓中教練員、師傅等)陪伴著(實習生、學員等)工作。 5.暗暗表示；預示；成為…的前兆。 He is shadowed by the police. 他被警察盯住了。 shadow forth some future occurrence 預示將來的事。 vi. 漸變；變陰暗。 “the shadow“ 中文翻譯： 鬼影; 雷克探案之血影驚魂; 陰影，身影; 影子; 魅影魔星; 魅影奇俠; 魅影俠“the shadow of a shadow“ 中文翻譯： 虛中之虛“a price“ 中文翻譯： 以比市場高的價錢“and price“ 中文翻譯： 價值與價格“at a price“ 中文翻譯： 以很高代價“at a price of“ 中文翻譯： 以…的價格“at the price of“ 中文翻譯： 以的代價; 以500元的價格; 以……價格（代價）“price“ 中文翻譯： n. 普賴斯〔姓氏〕。 n. 1.價格，價錢；市價；代價；費用。 2.報酬；懸賞；交換物；〔美俚〕錢；(為取得某物而付出的)犧牲。 3.賭金比率，賭注與贏款的差額。 4.〔古語〕價值，貴重。 prices (of commodities) 商品價格，物價。 a cash price 現金價格。 a cost price 成本價格，原價。 a market price 市價。 a famine price 缺貨時的市價。 a fixed [set, settled] price 定價。 a net price 實價。 the price asked 開價，喊價。 a reduced [bargain] price 廉價；有折扣的價格。 the selling price 售價。 the trade price 同行價格。 the wholesale [retail] price 批發[零售]價格。 a stable price 價格穩定。 the price of money 貸款利率；延期日息。 a unit price 單價。 at a price 付很大代價。 at any price 不惜任何代價。 at a fair price 售價公平。 at the price of 拼著…；以…的代價。 beyond [above, without] price 無價的，極貴重的。 fetch a high price 可以賣得高價。 get a good price for 好價賣出。 give a long price for 高價買。 make a price 討價，開價；定價。 pay a heavy price 付高價。 raise [reduce] a price 漲[減]價。 set [put] a price on sb.'s head [life] 懸賞緝拿某人[懸賞要某人的命]。 set a price (up) on sth. 給某物批上價格。 set high [little, no] price on 重視[不重視]。 What price ...? 〔英俚〕 1. (賽馬時走紅的馬)跑贏的希望怎樣？ 〔比喻〕你以為怎么樣？ 有可能…嗎？ (What price fine weather tomorrow 〔口語〕明天天氣會好嗎)。 2. …算什么東西？ …有什么用處[價值]呢？ 〔嘲笑會被吹捧而遭到失敗的某事物〕。 vt. 〔口語〕 1.給…定價。 2.問…的價。 3.給…估價。 4.由于要價過高而使…。 price one's goods [oneself] out of market 由于要價過高而失掉銷路。 “the price of“ 中文翻譯： 的價格; 以的代價“a wolf and shadow“ 中文翻譯： 狐貍和他的影子; 狼和他的影子“acoustic shadow“ 中文翻譯： 聲音陰影; 聲影區; 直線形聲影“acoustical shadow“ 中文翻譯： 聲影區“area shadow“ 中文翻譯： 面積陰影“artemisia shadow“ 中文翻譯： 蛔蒿酮“ascaris shadow“ 中文翻譯： 蛔蟲陰影“audiogram shadow“ 中文翻譯： 影子聽力圖“back shadow“ 中文翻譯： 背影“be reduced to a shadow“ 中文翻譯： 瘦得像鬼“black shadow“ 中文翻譯： 黑影
shadow silk |
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In consideration of the characteristics of ecological environment water supply , the opportunity cost method is adopted to calculate its shadow price , and a method is put forward for calculating the economic benefit of ecological environment water supply on the basis of the economic benefit from agricultural irrigation based on the level of guarantee of water supply to water consumption departments on the lower reaches of rivers 摘要針對生態環境供水的特點，采用機會成本法分析生態環境供水經濟效益并計算其影子價格；并根據河流下游各用水部門供水保證程度，提出借助農業灌溉經濟效益計算生態環境供水經濟效益的方法。 |
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The paper solves the saddle point , values and alterable tracks of bank nonperforming loans from optimal control theory . the eighth creative research field is as follows . shadow price ( hamiltonian multiplier ) can be got by multiplying nonperforming loans “ s marginal ne 試圖回答并且做出有創新的研究之八本文從最優控制論的角度從假設開始演繹發現了哈密爾乘子(影子價格)是銀行不良貸款的邊際負效用的倍數，倍數是由參數決定的，因為在不同的模型中，影子價格的經濟學意義是不一樣的。 |
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In view of the non - uniqueness of optimal solution to linear programming dual problem , we considered the differences between shadow prices and the accounting prices , between shadow prices opportunity cost definition and the marginal value definition , and between shadow prices of combination resources and single resource , which explain the “ non - uniqueness “ of shadow prices in linear programming 摘要針對線性規劃對偶問題最優解的非單一性，從影子價格與會計價格之間的區別、影子價格機會成本定義與邊際定義的區別、組合影子價格與單一影子價格的區別三個方面解釋線性規劃中影子價格的“非唯一性” 。 |
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3 . characteristics to point out the essence of opportunity cost is return rate of factors , so use the opportunity cost of factors to do the benefit - cost account of agriculture products is in line with the principle of market - economy . to suggest improving the ways of the benefit - cost account of agriculture products , and put forward a new system of he benefit - cost account of agriculture products ; to calculate the shadow prices of agriculture production factors by using stochastic frontier production function and marginal productivity theory , especially acquire the shadow prices of the agriculture land ; to do the principle analysis on the supply - demand mechanism , and suggest the supply and demand curves of china agriculture production factors ; to prove the applicability of using stochastic frontier production function to research the product ion cost of agriculture products 本文研究的創新和特色之處為：指出要素機會成本的實質是要素的投資報酬率，從而認為以要素機會成本作為農產品成本收益核算的基礎概念符合市場經濟原則；提出以生產要素的機會成本概念為計價原則，以改進中國農產品的成本收益核算方式，據此提出符合市場經濟原則、體現完全生產成本的中國農產品成本收益核算項目體系；以隨機前沿生產函數方法和要素邊際生產力理論為邏輯框架直接測算中國主要農業生產要素的價格，特別時土地要素的價格；對中國農業生產要素的供給和需求機制進行理論分析，給出中國農業生產要素的供給、需求曲線；在理論上論證用隨機前沿生產函數技術研究農產品生產成本問題的適用性。 |
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Because to calculate the shadow prices of the agriculture production factors give the feasible methods to help government use economic lever to effectively dispose the agriculture production factors , so it is significant in theory and in practice . 2 . approaches to use the interrelated index to compare the history trends , so we can recognize the situation about the scarce agriculture production factors , to use the principle logical to analyze the supply - demand mechanism of the main agriculture production factors in china , to use stochastic frontier production function and marginal productivity theory to calculate the shadow prices of the production factors , to use drc index to assess international competitive of the china main agriculture products 本文的主要研究方法為：在分析中國主要生產要素的稀缺度變化時，進行同類指標的歷史變化比較研究，從而認識主要農業生產要素稀缺性變化的趨勢與規律；在分析中國主要生產要素的供需機制時，進行相關概念為基礎的理論邏輯分析，建立供需機制決定的理論模型；在測算農業生產要素的價格時，使用邊際生產力理論和隨機前沿生產函數方法；在評價中國主要農產品的國際競爭力時，使用國內資源成本系數方法。 |
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Main conclusions ( 1 ) the shadow prices of agriculture production factors could be calculated by using stochastic frontier production function and marginal productivity theory without the factors market ; ( 2 ) the real production cost of agriculture production could be acquired by using the opportunity cost of factors to account the benefit - cost of agriculture products ; ( 3 ) the marginal benefit of the agriculture production factors could be regarded as referent standard to weigh the amounts that government at the basic level and countryside committee take fees from farmers 本文的主要研究結論為：利用隨機前沿生產函數技術和要素邊際生產力理論，在沒有重要農業生產要素市場的情況下，有可能測算要素影子價格；使用機會成本概念作為農產品成本收益核算的計價基礎，可以獲得農產品的完全生產成本；農業生產要素的邊際收益可以作為衡量基層政府和村集體向農民收取費用合理幅度的一種參照物。 |
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The available wrv models such as shadow price model , marginal opportunity cost model , reproduction model , income present value model and supply - demand price model are introduced , and their principle , applicability , merits and demerits are analysed . and then , this paper discusses various factors which may have influence on wrv . finally , this paper establishes the fuzzy model of wrv 指出現有的影子價格模型，邊際機會成本價格模型，再生產模型，收益現值模型，供求定價模型等水資源價值模型各自的模型原理、適用性及其優缺點，然后在此基礎上論述有關因素對水資源價值的影響，指出水資源價值的模糊屬性，構建了水資源價值模糊數學模型。 |
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( 6 ) the design principle of tdcam is that the marginal value of consuming environmental public goods of forest resources , i . e . environmental shadow price , can be acquired by using environmental demand curve which is induced by timber demand curve , or replaced by the opportunity cost given up timber benefits 木材需求曲線修正法的設計思路是利用環境需求曲線計算環境公共產品的邊際價值，利用放棄的木材收益作為環境公共產品邊際價值的機會成本。 |
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The core content and the most characteristic in the paper is that timber demand curve amend method ( tdcam ) is designed and advanced to calculate environmental shadow price . tacam buildups a concise and clear frame model of economic and environmental theory analysis 論文的核心內容和最具特色之處是對木材需求曲線修正法進行改進和完善，構建了一個簡潔明了的環境?經濟的分析框架模型。 |
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This paper has an analysis in theory and case study of freevm and cvm , and introduces the environmental shadow price calculated by applying the two methods to environmental impact value assessment of forestry project 對森林資源環境效果評價法和條件價值評價法，進行了理論思考和案例研究，并把所確定的影子價格引入到項目環境影響價值評價中。 |
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It gives a dynamic indication of shadow cost through the analysis of the sensitivity , and further clarifies the uniqueness of shadow price and shadow cost and the application of the patter in the economic management 通過靈敏度分析給出了影子成本的動態表示，并進一步闡明了影子價格和影子成本的惟一性以及影子成本在經濟管理中的應用。 |
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To calculate the shadow prices of the agriculture production factors is useful to solve this problem , it will be also helpful for the government to effectively make policies in agriculture fields 測算中國農業生產要素的影子價格，有助于解決這一問題，對政府進入wto以后國家有效的制定農業政策也具有相當重要的支持作用。 |
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( 2 ) to analyze five main factors which affect the valuation index of environmental impact value assessment of forestry investment project , and among the five factors , shadow price is the most crucial and complicated 分析了林業投資項目環境影響價值評價指標的五個主要影響因素。其中影子價格最為關鍵和復雜。 |
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This article concerns the shadow cost concept and discusses the relationship between shadow cost and dual price according to linear programming ' s economic meaning of dual variable and shadow price 摘要本文根據線性規劃問題對偶變數和影子價格的經濟意義，給出了影子成本的概念，討論了影子成本與對偶價格的關系。 |
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A prop - fair rule based on shadow price is proposed for ixev - do . it can do better in suppressing drastical variation of channel quality 并在此基礎上對流量價格引入延遲分量，進一步改善了系統的延遲特性。 |
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Oneness of the two definitions of shadow price and its economic implication 影子價格兩種定義的統一性及其經濟學含義 |
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Research on sensitivity analysis of all resources and shadow price 多種資源靈敏度分析和影子價格的探討 |
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How to utilize shadow price properly in business management 如何在經濟管理中正確應用影子價格 |
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Calculation of shadow price within the scope of resources 資源取值范圍內影子價格的計算 |